Objective: There is little discussion in literature about microvascular true vocal fold lesions. The objective of this study was to present a review article about these benign true vocal fold lesions. Material and Method: Literature review. Results: Microvascular true vocal fold lesions are more prevalent in female professional voice users. Such patients seek medical evaluation earlier because of the negative effect of these lesions on their career. Microvascular true vocal fold lesions are managed by voice therapy and/or phonomicrosurgery. Conclusion: In the asymptomatic patient, such lesions may create a management dilemma due to the risk of future hemorrhage versus the immediate risks of management.

Aim: To identify type B tymppanogram and hearing impaired children in the school-age children most likely to have hearing impairment that may interfere with development, communication, health, and education. And to advice the school administration to screen all children. Material and Methods: Five hundrad and seventy boys aged 6-12, were investigated. Medical history was obtained and otoscopic examination was carried out. .We considered tympanogram type B as our target with hearing type and degree screening procedures to detect hearing loss greater than 20 dB HL in the frequency 500Hz, 1000Hz 2000Hz and 4000Hz. Results: Fifty seven children suffering from middle- ear problems with overall prevalence of 10 % type B Twenty of the children had mild conductive (CHL), and 2 children were with mild to moderate sensorineural (SNHL). Conclusion: Our findings are consistent with several studies of the prevalence of type B maximum at the age of one, and then decreased until the age of seven .Middle ear infections are the most common medical problem in infants and children of preschool age, and they are the most frequent primary diagnoses in children. There is a great need in our country to provide more services for the hearing impaired, appropriate progression training of personnel, better parent’s education and to increase public awareness.

Objectives:Foreign body inhalation and swallowing remains a major cause of pediatric emergency. This study reports the experience of an upper Egypt ORL department in a year in a population of about 500,000. Study Design: Prospective Study Methods:In the period from May 2002 to May 2003, 166 patients attended the ear, nose and throat department of Sohag University Hospital complaining of inhaled ( 34 patients ) or swallowed foreign bodies ( 132 patients ). Radiography, Rigid oesophagoscopy, bronchoscopy or both were performed for removal of swallowed or inhaled foreign bodies. Results: A variety of objects were swallowed by our patients, the majority being coins ( 98 = 74% ). A variety of objects were inhaled by our patients, the majority being sunflowers seeds ( 8 = 23.5% ). The site of inhaled foreign body was the trachea in 22 patients (65%), the right bronchus in 6 patients ( 18%), the left bronchus in 2 patients (6%) and glottic area in 2 patients (6%). The site of swallowed foreign body was the postcricoid and upper oesophagus in 119 patients (90%), the middle oesophagus in 5 patients (4%) and lower oesophagus in 3 patients (2%). Conclusion: Any patient coming with a history of foreign body inhalation or swallowing should undergo endoscopic removal even if the radiographic evidence is negative and examination of chest is normal.

Objective: This study was conducted by reviewing the charts of all cases diagnosed as primary extrapul- monary tuberculosis in the otorhinolaryngology department of King Fahad Uneversity Hospital (KFUH) in Al-Khobar Saudi Arabia between January 2004 and January 2005, in order to emphasize the new different presentations of TB especially in our area.. Settings: Otolaryngology department, King Fahad Uneversity Hospital ,Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Design: A retrospective analysis of the clinical notes of all patients treated for primary extrapulmonary TB in the head and neck in ENT department. The data collected was clinical presentation, bacteriology , radiology, treatment and outcome. Results: Over one year we have treated four patients for primary extrapulmonary TB in the otorhinolaryn- gology department. All four patients had negative history and radiology of pulmonary TB , each one had totally different clinical pictures depending on the involved region e.g.; temporal bone ,parotid ,larynx and an unusual cervical lymph node. Only one patient had positive history of contact with TB patient which helped us to reach early diagnosis and avoid unnecessary surgical procedure. Conclusion:Primary extrapulmonary TB should always be on the top list of the differential diagnosis of head and neck lesions with odd presentations especially in endemic areas.

We report a case of maxillary sinusitis caused by mucoraceous fungi in a twenty four year old female, who was apparently immunocompetent. In addition to intravenous anti-fungal (Amphetricin B) therapy, the value of endoscopic sinus surgery in the management of this serious disease is reviewed.

We report a case of delayed recovery from general anaesthesia following tonsillectomy in a 17 years old female patient that was subsequently proved to have been caused by myasthenia gravis. Our search of online medical databases showed instances of myasthenia gravis discovered after general anaesthesia for various operations but we failed to find previous reports of this scenario following tonsillec- tomy which makes us believe this to be the first reported case of myasthenia gravis uncovered by general anaesthesia following tonsillectomy.