Background: Despite the advancement in diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma carcinoma, there has been no significant improvement in the survival rate in the last three decades. Many clinico-pathological factors as well as genetic alterations have been implicated in tumor recurrence and poor patient ‘survival. Objective: The present study aims to investigate the expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and P21ras in Egyptian patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and to correlate the clinico-pathological data to that of the expression of EGFR and P21ras. Patients and Methods: The present study included 52 patients of whom 30 patients had laryngeal invasive squamous cell carcinoma, 7 patients had laryngeal dysplasia, and 15 patients had benign non-neoplastic laryngeal lesions. Expression of EGFR and P21ras was investigated immunohistochemically in the specimens of all patients using monoclonal mouse antibodies for both EGFR and P21ras. Results: EGFR positive immunostaining was observed in 96.6% of malignant group with varying degrees of expression, Pearson’s Chi-square test showed a highly significant difference between EGFR expressions in the different three groups. As regard P21ras, positive immunostaining was also observed in 100% of malignant group with varying degrees of expression, and Pearson’s Chi-square test showed a highly significant difference between P21ras expression in the three groups. Conclusion: We suggest that both markers can be used to select patients with malignant and premalignant laryngeal lesions who might benefit from drugs targeted to them. However, further studies including larger groups of patients and contributing treatment trials with the new therapeutic agents are recommended for evaluation of their effect.

Objective: To assess the possibility of restoring normal breathing for cases of subglottic stenosis by simple endoscopic dilatation. Methods: Retrospective review of all subglottic stenosis cases with tracheostomy that presented between 1999 and 2008 to King Abdulaziz Aziz University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The review mainly involved cases who underwent endoscopic laser dilatation. Result: Out of 21 cases, about 50% were decanulaed after endoscopic CO2 laser dilatation with a total mean of further procedures being 1.4. Conclusion: Decision of open airway reconstruction should be carefully made even for higher grades since some may benefit from simple dilatation.

Background: Chronic laryngitis and/or vocal fold minimal lesions (VFML) are a common association with gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Helicobacter Pylori (HP) is a Gram negative spiral organism accused of being a common cause of gastritis, gastro-esophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer. HP has been recently isolated from tonsils, adenoids, sinus and middle ear mucosa in patients with chronic sinusitis or chronic middle ear effusion. Objective: To assess the presence of HP in (VFML). Methods: The study included fourteen patients with vocal folds minimal lesions (6 cases with vocal fold polyps and 4 cases with vocal fold nodules, and 4 cases with posteri-or granulomas; one of them associated with right VF nodule); all underwent Carbon 13 urea breath test (UBT), esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD) with gastric biopsy and direct laryngoscopy with microlaryngosurgery (MLS) to extract the VF lesions. Biopsies were subjected for two tests; detection of the 23S ribosomal RNA gene of HP by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Immunohistochemical reactions (IHC). Results: HP was detected by (RT-PCR) in ten of fourteen patients with VFML, HP was also detected by IHC in the same number of VFML and gastric mucosa specimens. Conclusion: HP is a common finding in cases of VFML; its eradication should be considered when dealing with a patient with VFML.

Objective: To demonstrate the effectiveness of Potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser therapy in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) induced nasal bleeding. Case Report: 62 years old gentleman with HHT induced recurrent severe epistaxis treated with sessions of KTP laser. Conclusion: KTP laser should be considered for treating patients with moderate to severe epistaxis. Keywords: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, epistaxis, KTP, Laser.

Although thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) is a common problem, papillary carcinoma is a very rare finding. The management detail and protocol is yet to be well defined. This paper aims to highlight the experience of King Abdulaziz University Hospital in papillary carcinoma of TDC in the past five years. Four patients out of 315 patients reviewed retrospectively were diagnosed to have papillary carcinoma of the TDC. Fifty per cent had involvement of the thyroid. One patient (25%) was a child. Conclusion: Papillary carcinoma of TDC has a favorable prognosis if managed properly by an experienced team.

Papillomas appear as pedunculated or sessile, white or normal colored cauliflower-like projections that arise from the mucosal surface. The most common site is the palate/uvula area followed by the tongue and lips. Of all sites, the soft palate is the most common and accounted for 20% of the lesions. The etiology remains unknown. Viral origin has always been suspect but studies are still inconclusive. Conservative surgical excision is the treatment of choice with rare recurrence. There is no evidence that papillomas are premalignant. This is a report of four cases of soft palate papilloma in patients of different Asian nationalities. In conclusion soft palate papilloma is more common than it is thought to be.

This is a case report a child with a button battery in his nose for 3 years prior to his presentation to our hospital. The history was verified by the father and the help of x-rays which revealed the presence of a battery in the nose. The foreign body was removed under general anesthesia. The relevant history, physical examination, and the investigations are presented along with literature review.