Objectives: The cochlear implant (CI) recipients and their families form an integral part of the CI team. The decision about CI is challenging for parents and their support is essential during rehabilitation. The families should have realistic expectations from the implantation, as unrealistic expectations cause frustration, negatively impacting the outcome. This study aimed to translate and validate the parental expectation questionnaire by evaluating the outcomes of their children after CI in the Saudi population. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based study was conducted at a tertiary hospital from June 2018 to July 2019. Altogether, 100 parents of children undergoing CI answered a questionnaire of 18 questions regarding the expectation of their child's performance and refilled it after a year of surgery. All healthy prelingual pediatric patients accepted by the CI committee for bilateral CI with at least 1 year follow-up postoperatively were included in this study. The main outcome measures were parents' awareness and expectation about CI. Results: The study showed parents having high expectations from their children with CI. The parents were more aware about the rehabilitation demands and stress after CI surgery with 16% of parents unaware of the importance of the rehabilitation process. Conclusions: Proper counseling on realistic expectations should be given at different implantation stages; pre- and post-implantation for an improved outcome and helping the child in reaching full potential.

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Foreign bodies are not uncommon in the aerodigestive tract, especially in children. However, the nasopharynx is an infrequent and unusual site for the impaction of an ingested foreign body as the direction of motion is antigravity. The nasopharynx is a potential site for foreign body impaction, which is often overlooked by otolaryngologists. We report two cases of unusual foreign bodies in the nasopharynx. Our cases explain the need for a high degree of suspicion from the beginning and the importance of radiological imaging before any intervention.

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Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare neoplasm that grows in epithelial cells of olfactory tissue. It is related to many tumor oncogenes such as MYC. We present and discuss a rare case of ONB on the elderly with typical symptoms but different treatment approaches. It was treated with endoscopy and adjuvant radiotherapy.

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Rhino-orbital-cerebral-mucormycosis (ROCM) is a rare aggressive and fatal infection. Its uncommon clinical encounter and mostly seen in immunocompromised patients, especially uncontrolled diabetic mellites patients. Symptoms of ROCM include nasal stuffiness and discharge, headache, retro-orbital pain, orbital or facial swelling, ophthalmoplegia, and visual loss. Although cranial nerve involvement is not common, palsy of the facial nerve is extremely rare finding. Two uncontrolled diabetic patients presented to our outpatient clinic with rapidly progressive sinusitis and unilateral facial nerve palsy in which further evaluation were proven to be mucormycosis. Facial nerve palsy in diabetic patient could be a red flag and must be investigated for underlying mucormycosis. An early diagnosis and treatment are very important for a favorable outcome in ROCM.

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Facial nerve (FN) is the seventh cranial nerve with a unique complex anatomical course. Knowledge about the normal predictable course within the temporal bone with its possible variations is crucial to avoid accidental injuries to the FN, preventing its devastating subsequences. In ear surgeries, certain landmarks and relations to each other are key for safe drilling. In this report, we describe a case with computed tomography findings during routine preoperative assessment for cochlear implant with anomalous FN course being displaced posterolaterally on the tympanic and mastoid segments. This highlights the importance of imagining before such surgeries.

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Background: Measles-induced hearing loss is an otologic tragedy. In this study, we looked into the hypothesis that measles-induced hearing loss may exhibit specific pattern the knowledge of which may guide clinicians on its diagnosis and prevention among children. Objective: The objective of the study was to describe the pattern, diagnosis, and prevention of measles-induced hearing loss among children. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of children with measles-induced hearing loss in two tertiary hospitals. Results: In all, 112 children with measles-induced hearing loss were studied. Majority (92.8%) were struck by the auditory shutdown at age 0.5–5 years. Most (87.5%) of the measles-induced hearing losses were sensorineural with 73.5% of them being profound, bilateral, and irreversible. Majority were not diagnosed early due to a lack of visible or palpable diagnostic features. Majority (70.5%) of the children were not vaccinated against measles. Features suggestive of encephalitis were commonly associated with the profound sensorineural hearing loss. About 10% concomitantly used ototoxic antibiotics at the acute stage of the measles infection. About 84% of the children were deaf and dumb. Conclusion: This study shows that measles-induced hearing loss often affects children around the age of speech acquisition leaving the victims deaf and dumb. Late diagnosis is characteristic of the auditory shutdown. The need to scale up effective antimeasles vaccination among children is hereby stressed. Routine postmeasles hearing assessment of victims is a practicable step to identify early those that require prompt rehabilitation with hearing aid or cochlear implant.

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Introduction: Adenoid hypertrophy or chronic adenoiditis may cause significant problems requiring adenoidectomy. Patients with chronic adenoid hypertrophy causing craniofacial morphology problems, excessive snoring, or possibly quality of life issues are candidates for adenoidectomy. The aim of this study is to compare the advantages of endoscopic-assisted microdebrider adenoidectomy in comparison with conventional curettage adenoidectomy. Materials and Methods:A prospective study of patients undergoing adenoidectomy was performed in the Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery at Tertiary center from January 2018 to October 2019. Results: Fifty patients of adenoid hypertrophy underwent adenoidectomy (25 patients in Group I and 25 patients in Group II). The groups were almost similar in age and sex. The mean operative time was 15 min 60 s in Group I and 12 min 56 s in Group II. The average blood loss was 31 ml in Group I and 28.60 ml in Group II. The residual adenoid tissue and complications were present in eight and three patients in Group I, respectively. Conclusion: The endoscopic-assisted adenoidectomy is minimally invasive. Intraoperative bleeding, duration of surgery, and complication were less in endoscopic-assisted adenoidectomy as comparison to conventional curettage method.

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Introduction: Cranialization of the frontal sinuses has become a widely accepted treatment choice for the most challenging types of frontal sinus fractures, complicated mucoceles and mucopyoceles, severe frontal sinusitis with osteomyelitis, and others. We conducted a review of thirty cases who underwent cranialization using pericranial flaps. Materials and Methods: A total of thirty cases were reviewed done between January 2015 and June 2019. Results: The most frequent indication in our review was frontal sinus fracture in twenty cases (66.6%), six (20%) cases of frontal sinus mucoceles, and four (13.3%) cases of fontal sinus infection with intracranial extension. Conclusion: The use of a pedicled vascularized pericranial flap as an extra layer and autologous fence above the dura adds more protection to the brain. More prospective and randomized trials are recommended.

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